The liver is known for its remarkable regenerative capacity to restore liver architecture and re-establish specific functions after various types of liver injury. However, in patients with end-stage liver disease, the regenerative capacity is inhibited and liver transplantation is the only option. Considering the limitations of liver transplantation and the prevalence of liver regeneration in liver injury, promoting liver regeneration is suggested as an effective strategy for treating patients with liver disease. Liver regeneration is a complex process involving the regulation of cytokines, growth factors, and metabolic signals. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years due to its comprehensive intervention advantages with multi-component and multi-pathway. Recent studies have described that TCM can effectively promote liver regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in the process and regulation of liver regeneration. Subsequently, we first summarize the pro-regenerative activity and mechanism of TCM formulas, extracts and active ingredients, which reveal the potential of TCM in promoting liver regeneration and provide reasonable evidence for TCM in the prevention and treatment of patients with clinical liver disease.