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Nanoscale Simulation of the Thylakoid Membrane Response to Extreme Temperatures
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  • Josh Vermaas V,
  • Martin Kulke,
  • Sarathi Weraduwage M,
  • Thomas Sharkey
Josh Vermaas V
Michigan State University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Corresponding Author:vermaasj@msu.edu

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Martin Kulke
Michigan State University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Sarathi Weraduwage M
MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory
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Thomas Sharkey
Michigan State University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Abstract

The thylakoid membrane is in a temperature-sensitive equilibrium that shifts repeatedly during the life cycle in response to ambient temperature or solar irradiance. Plants respond to seasonal temperature by changing their thylakoid lipid composition, while a more rapid mechanism for short-term heat exposure is required. The emission of the small organic molecule isoprene has been postulated as one such possible rapid mechanism. The protective mechanism of isoprene is not known, but some plants emit isoprene during periods of high-temperature stress. In this work, we investigate the dynamics and structure for lipids within a thylakoid membrane at different temperatures and varied isoprene content using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The results are compared with experimental findings from across the literature for temperature-dependent changes in the lipid composition and shape of thylakoids. We find that the surface area, volume, and flexibility of the membrane, as well as the lipid diffusion, increase with temperature, while the membrane thickness decreases. Saturated thylakoid 34:3 glycolipids derived from eukaryotic synthesis pathways exhibit significantly different dynamics than lipids from prokaryotic synthesis paths, which could explain the upregulation of specific lipid synthesis pathways at different temperatures. Increasing isoprene concentration was not observed to have a significant thermoprotective effect on the thylakoid membranes, and that isoprene readily permeated the membrane models tested here.
06 Feb 2023Submitted to Plant, Cell & Environment
07 Feb 2023Submission Checks Completed
07 Feb 2023Assigned to Editor
11 Feb 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
27 Feb 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
13 Apr 2023Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
18 Apr 20231st Revision Received
18 Apr 2023Submission Checks Completed
18 Apr 2023Assigned to Editor
30 Apr 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
01 May 2023Editorial Decision: Accept