2.1 Dataset collation & screening process
A literature search was conducted using Web of Knowledge and Google
Scholar search engines between May and July 2020 using the key words:
(animal_move* OR gps_track* OR gps_tag* OR gps_loc* OR radio_trans*
OR radio_tele* OR radio_track* OR radio_tag) AND (seed_dispers* OR
frugiv*). This search string generated 240 studies, of which 34 were
omitted as they were data files from Figshare or Movebank data
repositories (https://www.datarepository.movebank.org/), not published
studies. The remaining literature was then screened for the following
criteria: 1) full-text and peer-reviewed article in English or suitable
for online translation, 2) Article presents data from radio transmitters
or GPS tags attached to a predominately frugivorous animal. One
publication, Tamura and Hayashi (2008) could not be included as we were
unable to translate the uploaded, scanned document through an online
translator. We defined a frugivore following Terborgh (1986) and Fleming
et al (1987) as an animal whose diet consists of at least 50% fleshy
fruits. This included some largely herbivorous and omnivorous species
where seeds and fruits comprised over 50% of their diet during
particular seasons or life stages (i.e., pregnancy, migration, etc.
Bairlein, 2002; Bodmer & Ward, 2006; Carnicer et al, 2009)
If more than one study used the same dataset, the earliest study was
selected for inclusion in the review. Of the 206 studies screened, 109
met the criteria to be retained. Twelve of these studies used
transmitters attached to food resources rather than frugivores directly
and were retained as the information could be used to calculate seed
dispersal distances. Additional articles were found in the literature
cited by these articles, which had not been obtained through the
previous search. This resulted in a further 39 studies that met the
scientific criteria. Finally, we found a further 14 studies during a
search in April 2022 using the same previous search string to
incorporate studies published between the first search and the
completion of the review. All studies were then screened to extract only
the studies that clearly calculated seed dispersal distances from
monitoring frugivore movements through biologging techniques. A total of
162 peer-reviewed research studies were included in the review, and 67
of these were used for assessing seed dispersal distances. No date
restrictions were applied to the search, thus the earliest study
included in the review was published in 1978 and the most recent in
2022.