High-performance perovskite/silicon heterojunction solar cells enabled
by industrially compatible post annealing
Abstract
In recent years, developing dopant-free carrier-selective contacts,
instead of heavily doped Si layer (either externally or internally), for
crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have attracted considerable
interests with the aims to reduce parasitic light absorption and
fabrication cost. However, the stability still remains a big challenge
for dopant-free contacts, especially when thermal treatment is involved,
which limits their industrial adoption. In this study, a perovskite
material ZnTiO 3 combining with an ultrathin
(~1 nm) SiO 2 film and Al layer is used
as an electron-selective contact, forming an isotype heterojunction with
n-type c-Si. The perovskite/c-Si heterojunction solar cells exhibit a
performance-enhanced effect by post-metallization annealing when the
annealing temperature is 200-350 °C. Thanks to the post-annealing
treatment, an impressive efficiency of 22.0% has been demonstrated,
which is 3.5% in absolute value higher than that of the as-fabricated
solar cell. A detailed material and device characterization reveal that
post annealing leads to the diffusion of Al into ZnTiO 3
film, thus doping the film and reducing its work function. Besides, the
coverage of SiO 2 is also improved. Both these two
factors contribute to the enhanced passivation effect and electron
selectivity of the ZnTiO 3-based contact, and hence
improve the cell performance.