Hantaviridae currently encompasses seven genera and 54 species. Multiple hantaviruses, such as Hantaan virus, Seoul virus, Dobrava-Belgrade virus, Puumala virus, Andes virus, and Sin Nombre virus, are highly pathogenic to humans. They cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HCPS/HPS) in many countries. Some hantaviruses infect wild or domestic animals without causing severe symptoms. Rodents, shrews, and bats are reservoirs of various mammalian hantaviruses. Studies on the genomics, taxonomy, evolution, replication, transmission, pathogenicity, and control of hantaviruses, as well as patient treatment, have made significant advances in recent years. Meanwhile, novel hantaviruses infecting bats, rodents, shrews, amphibians, and fish have been identified. This systematic review compiles these advancements to aid researchers and the public in better recognizing this zoonotic virus family with global public health significance.