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\begin{document}
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\title{An Online Loop Closing Current Calculation Method for Complex
Distribution Networks Considering Source and Load Uncertainties}



\author[1]{Weifeng Peng}%
\author[2]{Licheng Sha}%
\author[2]{Kaiyuan Zheng}%
\author[1]{Shufeng Dong}%
\author[1]{Xin  Zhang}%
\author[2]{Jing Tian}%
\affil[1]{Zhejiang University}%
\affil[2]{State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{April 25, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
To address the challenges posed by frequent source and load fluctuations
in existing loop closing current calculation methods, this paper
proposes an online loop closing current calculation method that
considers source and load uncertainties. First, a dual-stack dynamic
monitoring system is utilized to obtain real-time voltage and current
variations before and after disturbances. Second, Thevenin's theorem is
employed to build an equivalent model of the distribution network,
simplifying the complex network into a combination of an independent
voltage source and a series impedance. Then, the steady-state loop
closing current is calculated based on the open-circuit voltage and
equivalent impedance at both sides of the loop closing point. Next, the
optimal frequency method is applied to determine the equivalent
impedance and attenuation time constant at a specific frequency,
achieving accurate calculation of the transient loop closing current.
Finally, simulations are conducted to model the fluctuations in
distributed generation and load, analyzing the steady-state and
transient loop closing currents. The simulation results demonstrate that
the proposed method accurately captures the effects of source and load
fluctuations on the loop closing current in dynamic environments, with
minimal calculation error, indicating its high practicality.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`An Online Loop Closing Current Calculation Method for Complex Distribution Networks Considering Source and Load Uncertainties.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/574967/articles/1233014-an-online-loop-closing-current-calculation-method-for-complex-distribution-networks-considering-source-and-load-uncertainties}

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