Evaluating the Sensitivity of Spectral and Synthetic Aperture
Radar-based Forest Degradation Products in the Peruvian Amazon Forest
Hasan Ahmed
University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
Corresponding Author:hahmed4@umbc.edu
Author ProfileMatthew Fagan
University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
Author ProfileAbstract
Detection and monitoring of tropical forest degradation is crucial to
climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation efforts. Several
algorithms have been recently developed to monitor forest degradation
and disturbance using remote sensing. However, these algorithms differ
in local predictions due to the variation in the biogeophysical
parameters used as degradation proxies. It is crucial to assess their
relative performance and shortcomings in order to develop a clear
understanding of the conditions under which each algorithm will detect a
disturbance. In this study, we used GEDI lidar data on forest structure
to examine the sensitivity of widely used forest disturbance and
degradation products in a frontier tropical forest landscape in the
Peruvian Amazon. We compared a leading spectral-based degradation
algorithm (Continuous Degradation Detection (CODED)) with a radar-based
algorithm (ALOS-2 PalSAR-2 based Radar Forest degradation Index (RFDI)).
Given the sensitivity of radar to canopy cover and volume, we
hypothesized that a single radar observation may detect degradation
better than a long spectral time series. We first identified stable
forests for reference structure in two ways: using disturbance
stratification data from CODED, and using Peruvian protected areas. Our
analysis showed that CODED performed below expectations in detecting
forest degradation, often including patches that were regrowing after
clear-felling in its “degraded” class. As CODED classified spectral
changes over time rather than capturing structural variability, it
classified 82% of palm plantations area as “degraded.” CODED also
failed to detect degradation in forest areas that were likely partially
disturbed (i.e., with low height and high cover). By contrast, the
PalSAR-2 RFDI showed a significant relationship with forest height
(detecting low height in degraded forests), although its predictive
ability was limited due to high variability and signal saturation. Our
study supports the conclusion that radar-based observation can detect
forest degradation that the time series observation failed to detect.
Given the limited correspondence between radar and spectral algorithms,
we suggest that integrations of spectral and radar data may be
beneficial for mapping forest degradation.