2.1 Sample collection and RV detection
In this study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on 19,680 samples
obtained from pediatric patients hospitalized with acute lower
respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) at the Hainan Maternal and Child
Health Hospital. The collection period extended from January 2021 to
December 2023. The cohort included in this study comprised patients aged
18 years or younger, all presenting with symptoms indicative of ARTIs
upon hospital admission. Nasopharyngeal swabs were systematically
collected at the time of admission. Subsequently, these samples were
preserved at a temperature of −80 ℃ for subsequent examinations. The
infection of RV was detected by tNGS, facilitated by KingMed
Diagnostics.