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Modeling the Response of Coastal Stratocumulus Clouds to Sudden and Gradual Variations of Surface Heat Fluxes
  • Mónica Zamora Zapata,
  • Thijs Heus
Mónica Zamora Zapata
University of Chile

Corresponding Author:mzamora@uchile.cl

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Thijs Heus
Cleveland State University
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Abstract

Coastal stratocumulus clouds (Sc) have unique modeling challenges due to their development over coastal land, one of them being the accurate representation of surface fluxes. Unlike marine Sc, where the ocean can store significant heat and release relatively constant surface heat fluxes over the day, there are strong diurnal variations of both sensible and latent heat fluxes over land. Moreover, land surface fluxes have a strong feedback with cloud cover. Many modeling efforts have been directed to improve the representation of surface fluxes through developing more accurate land surface models with increasing complexity. Regarding the boundary layer turbulence, for marine Sc, greater sensible fluxes are known to intensify updrafts and increase entrainment, while greater latent heat fluxes have been linked to decoupling. An example of surface flux variations for Marine Sc is the transition of Sc to shallow Cumulus along the trade winds, which occurs over a number of days. For coastal land, changes of surface fluxes occur in a much shorter timescale (hours), and the sensitivity of their dynamical response has not been explored. In this work, we study the response of coastal Sc to controlled variations of surface fluxes using Large Eddy Simulations. Representative scenarios of diurnal profiles are generated using 12 years of surface flux measurements for cloudy days over southern California, and then simulated under several configurations that describe sudden and gradual changes of surface fluxes with varied timing and magnitude. Sudden changes result in increased cloud thinning and earlier dissipation times, although the timing of the sudden increase is also important, in relation to the original dissipation time. The response time to sudden changes of surface fluxes is evident in the evolution of maximum vertical velocity and vertically integrated Turbulent Kinetic Energy, with timescales of 1 and 2 eddy turnover times, respectively.