\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{CJKutf8} 
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}






% Edit this header.tex file to include frontmatter definitions and global macros

% Add here any LaTeX packages you would like to load in all document blocks
% \usepackage{xspace}

% Add here any LaTeX macros you would like to load in all document blocks
% \def\example{This is an example macro.}

% -----

\iflatexml
% Add here any LaTeXML-specific commands

% -----

\else
% Add here any export style-specific LaTeX commands. These will only be loaded upon document export.
% \paperfield{Subject domain of my document}
% \keywords{keyword1, keyword2}
% \corraddress{Author One PhD, Department, Institution, City, State or Province, Postal Code, Country}
% \fundinginfo{Funder One, Funder One Department, Grant/Award Number: 123456.}
\fi


\begin{document}
\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gbsn}

\title{Anoxia Begets Anoxia: a positive feedback to the deoxygenation of
temperate lakes}



\author[1]{Abigail S. L. Lewis}%
\author[1]{Maximilian P. Lau}%
\author[1]{Stephen F. Jane}%
\author[1]{Kevin C. Rose}%
\author[1]{Yaron Be’eri-Shlevin}%
\author[1]{Sarah H. Burnet}%
\author[1]{François Clayer}%
\author[1]{Heidrun Feuchtmayr}%
\author[1]{Hans-Peter Grossart}%
\author[1]{Dexter W. Howard}%
\author[1]{Heather Mariash}%
\author[1]{Jordi Delgado Martin}%
\author[1]{Rebecca L. North}%
\author[1]{Isabella Oleksy}%
\author[1]{Rachel M. Pilla}%
\author[1]{Amy P. Smagula}%
\author[1]{Ruben Sommaruga}%
\author[1]{Sara E. Steiner}%
\author[1]{Piet Verburg}%
\author[1]{Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer}%
\author[1]{Cayelan C. Carey}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{April 29, 2026}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Declining oxygen concentrations in the deep waters of lakes worldwide
pose a pressing environmental and societal challenge. Existing theory
suggests that low deep-water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations could
trigger a positive feedback through which anoxia (i.e., very low DO)
during a given summer begets increasingly severe occurrences of anoxia
in following summers. Specifically, anoxic conditions can promote
nutrient release from sediments, thereby stimulating phytoplankton
growth, and subsequent phytoplankton decomposition can fuel
heterotrophic respiration, resulting in increased spatial extent and
duration of anoxia. However, while the individual relationships in this
feedback are well established, to our knowledge there has not been a
systematic analysis within or across lakes that simultaneously
demonstrates all of the mechanisms necessary to produce a positive
feedback that reinforces anoxia. Here, we compiled data from 656
widespread temperate lakes and reservoirs to analyze the proposed Anoxia
Begets Anoxia (ABA) feedback. Lakes in the dataset span a broad range of
surface area (1--126,909 ha), maximum depth (6--370 m), and morphometry,
with a median time series duration of 30 years at each lake. Using
linear mixed models, we found support for each of the positive feedback
relationships between anoxia, phosphorus concentrations,
chlorophyll-\emph{a} concentrations, and oxygen demand across the
656-lake dataset. Likewise, we found further support for these
relationships by analyzing time series data from individual lakes. Our
results indicate that the strength of these feedback relationships may
vary with lake-specific characteristics: for example, we found that
surface phosphorus concentrations were more positively associated with
chlorophyll-\emph{a} in high-phosphorus lakes, and oxygen demand had a
stronger influence on the extent of anoxia in deep lakes. Taken
together, these results support the existence of a positive feedback
that could magnify the effects of climate change and other anthropogenic
pressures driving the development of anoxia in lakes around the world.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{CJK}\end{document}

