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\title{High-resolution simulations of the plume dynamics in an idealized 79\selectlanguage{ngerman}°N
Glacier cavity using adaptive vertical coordinates\selectlanguage{english}}



\author[1]{Markus Reinert}%
\author[1]{Marvin Lorenz}%
\author[2]{Knut Klingbeil}%
\author[3]{Bjarne Büchmann}%
\author[1]{Hans Burchard}%
\affil[1]{Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde}%
\affil[2]{Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende (IOW)}%
\affil[3]{Joint GEOMETOC Support Center}%


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  \date{May 08, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
For better projections of sea level rise, two things are needed: an
improved understanding of the contributing processes and their accurate
representation in climate models. A major process is basal melting of
ice shelves and glacier tongues by the ocean, which reduces ice sheet
stability and increases ice discharge into the ocean. We study marine
melting of Greenland's largest floating ice tongue, the 79\selectlanguage{ngerman}° North
Glacier, using a high-resolution, 2D-vertical ocean model. While our
fjord model is idealized, the results agree with observations of melt
rate and overturning strength. Our setup is the first application of
adaptive vertical coordinates to an ice cavity. Their
stratification-zooming allows a vertical resolution finer than 1 m in
the entrainment layer of the meltwater plume, which is important for the
plume development. We find that the plume development is dominated by
entrainment only initially. In the stratified upper part of the cavity,
the subglacial plume shows continuous detrainment. It reaches neutral
buoyancy near 100 m depth, detaches from the ice, and transports
meltwater out of the fjord. Melting almost stops there. In a sensitivity
study, we show that the detachment depth depends primarily on
stratification. Our results contribute to the understanding of
ice--ocean interactions in glacier cavities. Furthermore, we suggest
that our modeling approach with stratification-zooming coordinates will
improve the representation of these interactions in global ocean models.
Finally, our idealized model topography and forcing are close to a real
fjord and completely defined analytically, making the setup an
interesting reference case for future model developments.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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