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\title{Morpho-tectonics of transpressional systems: insights from analog
modeling}



\author[1]{Ethan Mark Conrad}%
\author[2]{Riccardo Reitano}%
\author[3]{Claudio Faccenna}%
\author[1]{Thorsten Wolfgang Becker}%
\affil[1]{University of Texas at Austin}%
\affil[2]{Department of Science, RomaTre University, Roma, Italy}%
\affil[3]{Universita Roma TRE}%


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  \date{May 08, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Transpressional margins are widespread, and their dynamics are relevant
for plate boundary evolution globally. Though transpressional orogen
evolution involves a topographic response to deformation, many studies
focus only on the structural development of the system ignoring surface
processes. Here, we present a new set of analog models constructed to
investigate how tectonic and surface processes interact at transpressive
plate boundaries and shape topography. Experiments are conducted by
deforming a previously benchmarked crustal analog material in a
meter-scale plexiglass box while controlling erosion through misting
nozzles mounted along the transpressional wedge. To analyze the
experiments, we generate digital elevation models from laser scans and
conduct image correlation analysis on photos taken during experiments.
We focus on three experiments that cover a range of erosional conditions
and shortening stages (two end-member erosion models and a dry
reference). In all experiments, a bivergent wedge forms, and strain
partitioning broadly evolves according to previously established models.
Regarding drainage networks, we find that the streams in our models
develop differently through feedback between fault development and
drainage rearrangement processes. Differences between end-member
erosional models can be explained by the varying response of streams to
structure modulated by rainfall. Additionally, erosion may influence the
structural evolution of transpressional topography, leading to
accelerated strike-slip partitioning. From these results, we create a
model for developing structures, streams, and topography where incision
and valley formation along main structures localize exhumation. We apply
insights from the models to natural transpressional systems, including
the Transverse Ranges, CA, and the Venezuelan Andes.%
\end{abstract}%



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