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\begin{document}

\title{CO2 Sink Capacity of the Western Arctic Ocean in Early Winter: November
2018}



\author[1]{Akihiko M. Murata}%
\author[2]{Jun Inoue}%
\author[1]{Shigeto Nishino}%
\author[1]{Sayaka Yasunaka}%
\affil[1]{Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology}%
\affil[2]{National Institute of Polar Research}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
To investigate CO\textsubscript{2} sink capacity in the western Arctic
Ocean (north of 65\selectlanguage{ngerman}°N), we conducted underway, ship-based observations of
partial pressures of CO\textsubscript{2} (pCO\textsubscript{2}) and
total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO\textsubscript{2}) in surface
seawater in early winter (November 2018). From these two properties of
the seawater inorganic carbon system, we calculated total alkalinity
(TA). In the early winter, surface seawater pCO\textsubscript{2} in most
places was lower than atmospheric pCO\textsubscript{2}. The weighted
mean of the air-sea fluxes of CO\textsubscript{2} were calculated to be
-7.5 ± 1.6 mmol m\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{-2} d\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{-1}. The
calculated fluxes implied that the area acted as a moderate sink for
atmospheric CO\textsubscript{2} in early winter, and its rate of
CO\textsubscript{2} uptake was comparable to that (-8.0 +- 1.7 mmol
m\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{-2} d\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{-1}) in summer (late
August-September 2017). Spatial variations of surface seawater
pCO\textsubscript{2} in the early winter could be attributed mostly to
conservative changes of TCO\textsubscript{2} and TA, which together
accounted for more than 70\% of the pCO\textsubscript{2} variations. In
the marginal ice zone, however, there was a drawdown of surface seawater
pCO\textsubscript{2} by 70-90 matm due to horizontal advection of water
with an anomalously high temperature from the Pacific Ocean and its
subsequent cooling. We found that TA was an important determinant of the
spatial variations of pCO\textsubscript{2} in the western Arctic Ocean
because of the conservative nature of the changes of TA and
TCO\textsubscript{2} during mixing of water masses. This conservative
behavior was observed in both the early winter and summer.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`arctic_supporting-information_submitted.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/536337/articles/599038-co2-sink-capacity-of-the-western-arctic-ocean-in-early-winter-november-2018}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`essoar.10508154.1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/536337/articles/599038-co2-sink-capacity-of-the-western-arctic-ocean-in-early-winter-november-2018}

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