Investigation of liquid cloud formation mechanisms during the Arctic
ozone-depletion events of the 2010/2011, 2015/2016 and 2019/2020 NH
winter seasons
Abstract
The unusually cold springtime Arctic stratospheres of 2011, 2016 and
2020 generated substantial Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) activity
and a significant ozone hole. These events were accompanied by an
unusual presence of precipitating liquid clouds in the high Arctic.
Satellite lidar measurements helped to identify a possible mechanistic
link between tropospheric cloud formation and the PSCs. The synoptic
meteorological context provided by the ERA 5 reanalysis was instrumental
in the identification of potential liquid-precipitation formation
scenarios related to atmospheric rivers.