We describe a sampling of over two-dozen sociohydrology case studies that advance our understanding of two-way human-water phenomena. These case studies span broad geographic regions, including over 20 countries, and cover cross-cutting themes such as human behavior, social equity, water security, migration, water resources management, and ecological and environmental phenomena. Collectively, the cases reflect progress within the Panta Rhei decade and suggest new pathways for exciting research in the coming era, in particular by showing how socio-hydrologic modes of study transcend many geographical bounds. We synthesize these insights and describe approaches toward innovative modeling and predictive frameworks that promise to assist in real-world decision-making. We further describe how understanding of diverse and pertinent socio-hydrological phenomena relate to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) and Environment Programme (UNEP) for addressing climate action in a manner that manifests social well-being and resilient communities.