Abstract
It has long been recognized that the energy source for major solar
flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is the solar magnetic field
within active regions. Specifically, it is believed to be the release of
the free magnetic energy (energy above the potential field state) stored
in the field prior to eruption. For estimates of the free energy to
provide a prognostic for future eruptions, we must know how much energy
an active region can store – Is there a bound to this energy? The
Aly-Sturrock theorem shows that the energy of a fully force-free field
cannot exceed the energy of the so-called open field. If the theorem
holds, this places an upper limit on the amount of free energy that can
be stored. In recent simulations, we have found that the energy of a
closely related field, the partially open field (POF), can place a
useful bound on the energy of an eruption from real active regions, a
much tighter constraint than the energy of the fully open field. A
database of flare ribbons (Kazachenko et al., ApJ 845, 2017) offers us
an opportunity to test this idea observationally. A flare ribbon mask is
defined as the area swept out by the ribbons during the flare. It can
serve as a proxy for the region of the field that opened during the
eruption. In this preliminary study, we use the ribbon masks to define
the POF for several large events originating in solar cycle 24 active
regions, and compute the energy of the POF. We compare these energies
with the X-ray fluxes and CME energies for these events. Work supported
by NSF, NASA, and AFOSR.