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Partially Open Fields and the Energy of Solar Eruptions
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  • Jon Linker,
  • Cooper Downs,
  • Ronald Caplan,
  • Tibor Torok,
  • Maria Kazachenko,
  • Viacheslav Titov,
  • Roberto Lionello,
  • Pete Riley
Jon Linker
Predictive Science Inc

Corresponding Author:linkerj@predsci.com

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Cooper Downs
Predictive Science Inc.
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Ronald Caplan
Predictive Science Inc.
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Tibor Torok
Predictive Science Inc.
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Maria Kazachenko
University of Colorado at Boulder
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Viacheslav Titov
Predictive Science Inc.
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Roberto Lionello
Predictive Science Inc.
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Pete Riley
Predictive Science Inc.
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Abstract

It has long been recognized that the energy source for major solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is the solar magnetic field within active regions. Specifically, it is believed to be the release of the free magnetic energy (energy above the potential field state) stored in the field prior to eruption. For estimates of the free energy to provide a prognostic for future eruptions, we must know how much energy an active region can store – Is there a bound to this energy? The Aly-Sturrock theorem shows that the energy of a fully force-free field cannot exceed the energy of the so-called open field. If the theorem holds, this places an upper limit on the amount of free energy that can be stored. In recent simulations, we have found that the energy of a closely related field, the partially open field (POF), can place a useful bound on the energy of an eruption from real active regions, a much tighter constraint than the energy of the fully open field. A database of flare ribbons (Kazachenko et al., ApJ 845, 2017) offers us an opportunity to test this idea observationally. A flare ribbon mask is defined as the area swept out by the ribbons during the flare. It can serve as a proxy for the region of the field that opened during the eruption. In this preliminary study, we use the ribbon masks to define the POF for several large events originating in solar cycle 24 active regions, and compute the energy of the POF. We compare these energies with the X-ray fluxes and CME energies for these events. Work supported by NSF, NASA, and AFOSR.