First-Round Testing of the Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) at the
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
Abstract
The Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) is a field heater test being
conducted in the bedded salt formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot
Plant (WIPP) near Carlsbad, NM. BATS is focused on exploring brine
availability as part of a wider investigation into the disposal of
heat-generating radioactive waste in salt. Brine has the potential to
transport radionuclides, corrode waste forms and packages, reduce
criticality, and pressurize porosity to resist closure through salt
creep. In BATS, two identical arrays of horizontal boreholes were
constructed in an experimental drift, 650 m below ground at WIPP. In
each array, 13 observational boreholes were installed around a central
borehole. One of the two array was heated, and the other array was left
at ambient temperature. During the first heating phase (January to March
2020), the 750 W heater ran for 4 weeks. The central boreholes included
dry nitrogen gas circulation behind a packer. The gas stream removed
moisture which flowed into the boreholes. The gas stream was analyzed
in-drift for stable water isotopes using a cavity ringdown spectrometer
and gas composition using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The satellite
boreholes in each array included numerous thermocouples, electrical
resistivity tomography (ERT) electrodes, acoustic emissions (AE)
piezoelectric transducers, distributed temperature and strain fiber
optics, and a cement seal exposure tests (both sorel and fly-ash base
concretes). Cores from the boreholes were X-ray CT imaged for
mineralogical and fracture distribution. We present an overview of the
first phase of the test, and illustrate key data collected during the
first heating cycle. Follow-on tests in the same boreholes will include
gas and liquid tracer tests and additional packer-based gas permeability
testing. New boreholes for the next round of BATS in 2021 are being
planned.