The carbon cycle of southeast Australia during 2019/2020: Drought, fires
and subsequent recovery
Abstract
2019 was both the hottest and driest year on record for Australia,
leading to large forest fires in the southeast from November 2019 to
January 2020. However, in early 2020, the fires and hot-dry conditions
dissipated with above average rainfall and below average temperatures
along Australia’s southeast coast. In this study, we utilize space-based
measurements of trace gases (TROPOMI XCO, OCO-2 XCO2) and vegetation
function (OCO-2 SIF, MODIS NDVI) to quantify the carbon cycle anomalies
resulting from drought and fire in southeast Australia during the
2019/2020 growing season. During the austral spring, we find anomalous
reductions in primary productivity and large biomass burning emissions
in excess of bottom-up estimates from GFAS. This is then followed by a
remarkable recovery and greening during early 2020, coincident with
cooler and wetter conditions. We will further discuss different
behaviors of recovery over fire-devasted and non-fire regions. This
study showcases the capability of combining observations from multiple
satellites to monitor the carbon and ecosystem anomalies resulting from
extreme events. Finally, we will discuss the remaining challenges in
monitoring the carbon cycle from space.