Implications of Forecasting Thermosphere-Ionosphere Conditions After
Initiation of an Eruptive Solar Event
Abstract
An objective of the solar and space physics communities has been to
predict the behavior of the interconnected physical systems that bring
space weather to Earth. One approach is to use first-principles models
that may predict behavior of the various space plasma regimes from the
magnetized solar corona to Earth’s upper atmosphere. We focus on space
weather forecasts in the thermosphere-ionosphere (T-I), with lead time
based on the period following a solar eruption. There are generally 1-4
days lead time before the interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME)
reaches the Earth’s magnetopause. Forecasting the behavior of the T-I
with such multi-day lead times requires new ways of using and assessing
first principles models, which are capable of predicting many details of
the T-I response, including the time history of the global electron
density distribution, neutral densities and neutral winds. All facets of
the complex T-I system response must be predicted based on input solar
and interplanetary parameters. Another influence on the forecast is the
condition of the T-I at the time a forecast is produced (e.g. shortly
after the CME eruption epoch). However, the role of such
pre-conditioning is not well understood for lead times of a few days. To
improve our understanding of these forecasts, we have submitted more
than 120 multi-day simulation periods to NASA’s Community Coordinated
Modeling Center, spanning three coupled T-I models. Approximately 40 T-I
storms have been simulated, driven by solar wind and EUV parameters
alone. We will present an analysis that characterizes how T-I models
respond to the information content of the solar wind, mediated through
climatological models of high latitude forcing, and the possible
influence of pre-existing conditions. Smoothing across mesoscale
variability is inevitable in this scenario. Analyzing the response
across events and across models reveals critical information about the
predictability of the T-I system as an ICME approaches.