Bathymetry and Resolution: Keys to Develop a Channel-to-Ocean
Basin-Scale Hydrodynamic Model for the US East and Gulf of Mexico Coasts
Abstract
Coastal interfaces blend processes dominated by upland region hydrology
and ocean hydrodynamics (tides, winds, waves, baroclinic fluctuations,
among others). These areas tend to be vulnerable to flooding, a matter
of concern considering that around 40% of the world’s population lives
within 100 km of the ocean. Specifically, The US East and Gulf of Mexico
Coasts are heavily affected by extratropical storms every year with
catastrophic consequences. Models that integrate the dynamics of both
oceans and river networks are needed in order to better improve flood
forecast systems in coastal areas. Due to their spatial and temporal
scale differences, traditional models solve river and ocean
hydrodynamics independently. As a first step toward unifying coastal
interface modeling, we designed an ADCIRC-based model that uses
unstructured, highly variable-sized triangular meshes that can
accurately represent both ocean basins and inland river networks. This
meshing technique allows for incorporating features that control the
dynamics of the nearshore area, such as barrier islands, jetties, and
dredged channels. We analyze how mesh design impacts water level
estimations in the deep ocean as well as inland rivers. Accuracy in the
deep ocean is sensitive primarily to bathymetry in areas with high
energy dissipation, whereas water level prediction within river networks
depends on both bathymetry and resolution. While a minimum resolution in
the order of a hundred meters is enough to accurately predict water
level for most rivers with tidal influence, smaller tributaries require
resolutions down to tens of meters. Future research will use these
findings to build precipitation and rainfall-runoff into the model for a
more comprehensive understanding of the coastal interface hydrodynamics.