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\title{Radiation as the dominant cause of Temperature Extremes on the Tibetan
Plateau}



\author[1]{Yinglin Tian}%
\author[2]{Sarosh Alam Ghausi}%
\author[1]{Yu Zhang}%
\author[1]{Deyu Zhong}%
\author[1]{G. Q. Wang}%
\author[3]{Axel Kleidon}%
\affil[1]{Tsinghua University}%
\affil[2]{Indian Institute of Technology Bombay}%
\affil[3]{Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry}%


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  \date{May 08, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
{}{Temperature extremes have been related to anomalies in large-scale
circulation, but how these alter the surface energy balance is less
clear. Here, we attributed high extremes in daytime and nighttime
temperatures of the}{eastern Tibetan Plateau} to anomalies in the
surface energy balance. We find that daytime high-temperature extremes
are mainly caused by altered solar radiation, while nighttime ones are
controlled by changes in downwelling longwave radiation. These radiation
changes are largely controlled by cloud variations, which are further
associated with certain large-scale circulations that modulate vertical
air motion and horizontal cloud convergence. In addition, driven by a
high-pressure system, strengthened downward solar radiation tends to
decrease the snow albedo, which then plays an important role in reducing
upward solar radiation, especially during winter and for compounding
warm events. The results during winter and summer are generally similar
but also present significant differences in terms of the contribution of
variations in snow albedo, surface turbulent fluxes, and horizontal
advection of cloud, which hence need further attention in simulating the
high-temperature extreme events in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our work
indicates the importance to attribute different temperature extremes
separately from the perspective of energy balance.{}%
\end{abstract}%



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Yinglin Tian\textsuperscript{1}, Sarosh Alam Ghausi\textsuperscript{2},
Deyu Zhong\textsuperscript{1}, Yu Zhang\textsuperscript{1}, Guangqian
Wang\textsuperscript{1}, and Axel Kleidon\textsuperscript{2}

\textsuperscript{1}State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,
Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084
Beijing, China

\textsuperscript{2}Biospheric Theory and Modelling, Max Planck Institute
for Biogeochemistry, 07701 Jena, Germany

Corresponding author:

Axel Kleidon (\emph{akleidon@bgc-jena.mpg.de}), Deyu Zhong
(zhongdy@tsinghua.edu.cn)\selectlanguage{english}
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