In this study, vanadium nanoparticles were green synthesized using the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis. Different techniques such as FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and EDS analysis were used to characterize VNPs@Salvia officinalis. A 25.6 nm was obtained for the crystal size of the vanadium nanoparticles using XRD analysis. The FE-SEM images show a spherical morphology for VNPs@Salvia officinalis with the range size of 11.28 to 40.74 for the synthetic nanoparticles. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of VNPs@Salvia officinalis and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 300 and 265 µg/mL, respectively. For anticancer activity evaluation the treated cells with VNPs@Salvia officinalis were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-colorectal cancer properties on normal (HUVEC) and colorectal cancer cell lines i.e., Caco-2, COLO 320, DLD-1‎, HCT-15‎, HCT-116‎, and HT-29. The IC50 of VNPs@Salvia officinalis were 213, 210, 297, 204, 160, and 125 µg/mL against Caco-2, COLO 320, DLD-1‎, HCT-15‎, HCT-116‎, and HT-29 cell lines, respectively. The viability of malignant colorectal cell lines reduced dose-dependently in the presence of VNPs@Salvia officinalis. It appears that the anti-colorectal cancer effect of VNPs@Salvia officinalis is due to their antioxidant effects.

Linum usitatissimum is one of the popular medicinal plants. The plant has many pharmaceutical uses in traditional medicine. In this study, cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized according to green chemistry rules using the aqueous extract of Linum usitatissimum. The green-synthesized CoNPs@ L. usitatissimum were characterized using different techniques such as EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. The FE-SEM results confirm spherical morphology for the nanoparticles with size of 38.42 to 75.26 nm. The properties of CoNPs@ L. usitatissimum against common human esophageal cancer cell lines i.e. KYSE-270, OE33, ESO26 and FLO-1 were evaluated. The antioxidant test with DPPH free radical indicates the significant antioxidant properties of CoNPs@ L. usitatissimum. The IC50 of the CoNPs@ L. usitatissimum was 359, 176, 371, and 387 against KYSE-270, OE33, ESO26 and FLO-1, respectively. It seems that the anti-human esophageal cancer effect of cobalt nanoparticles mediated by Linum usitatissimum leaf aqueous extract is due to their antioxidant effects.