The multidimensionality of plant drought stress: The relative importance
of edaphic and atmospheric drought
Abstract
Drought threatens plant growth and related ecosystem services. The
emergence of plant drought stress under edaphic drought is well studied,
whilst the importance of atmospheric drought only recently gained
momentum. Yet, little is known about the interaction and relative
contribution of edaphic and atmospheric drought on the emergence of
plant drought stress. We conducted a gradient experiment, fully crossing
gravimetric water content (GWC: field capacity-permanent wilting point)
and vapour pressure deficit (VPD: 1-2.25kPa) using five wheat varieties
from three species ( Triticum monococcum, T. durum &
T. aestivum). We quantified the emergence of plant drought stress
on molecular (ABA), cellular (stomatal conductance), organ (leaf water
potential) and stand level (evapotranspiration). Plant drought stress
increased with decreasing GWC across all organisational levels. This
effect was magnified non-linearly by VPD after passing a critical
threshold of soil water availability. At around 20% GWC plants lost
their ability to regulate leaf water potential via stomata regulation,
followed by the emergence of hydraulic dysfunction. The emergence of
plant drought stress is characterized by changing relative contributions
of soil vs. atmosphere and their non-linear interaction. This highly
non-linear response, consequently, is likely to abruptly alter
plant-related ecosystem services in a drying world.