Previous reports indicate variable soybean quality parameters exported/shipped from different geographic regions. This review compares the quality of soybeans grown under diverse environmental conditions from the three main exporting countries. Soybeans from the US and Brazil have similar levels of protein but the US soybeans have higher foreign material and lower heat damage or total damage than soybeans from Brazil. US and Brazil meal have higher crude protein than meal from Argentina. At equal crude protein content, US meals had less fiber, more sucrose and lysine and better protein quality than South American meals. Methionine, threonine, and cysteine levels were similar in soybean protein from US and Argentina and higher than that in soybean protein from Brazil. Degummed soybean oil from Brazil had higher free fatty acids, neutral oil loss, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium than degummed oil from the US or Argentina. The information available suggests that environmental conditions under which soybeans are grown and stored as well as handling can have a large impact on chemical composition and nutrient quality of soybean oil.