2.4 Outcome measures
Primary outcomes of the meta-analysis included procedural outcomes like
CPB time and cross-clamp time. The secondary outcomes included
procedural outcomes like implantation of pacemakers and postoperative
atrioventricular block, as well as clinical outcomes like length of stay
(LOS), length of ICU stay, incidence of ≥mild TR after surgery, at
discharge and during follow-up, incidence of ≥small residual VSD after
surgery and during follow-up. Risk of bias assessment was performed
according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment
Scale14 criteria. ≥mild TR was defined as TR with a
grade of ≥2 using TTE or TEE. ≥small residual VSD was defined as
residual VSD with a diameter of ≥2 mm after surgical repair.