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\begin{document}

\title{Hematological Parameters to Predict Post-COVID-19 Immune Response, and
the Development of On-Reaching Herd Immunity. A cross-sectional study}



\author[1]{Qaisar Ali Khan}%
\author[2]{Tahira  Atta}%
\author[3]{Tamara Tango}%
\author[2]{Arif Mumtaz}%
\author[4]{Priyadharshini Saravanan}%
\author[5]{Sree Harshitha Vallabhaneni}%
\author[6]{Ismail Khan Shinwari}%
\author[7]{Bhavana Vattikuti}%
\author[8]{Christopher Farkouh}%
\author[6]{Rukhsar Jan}%
\author[9]{Matthew Farkouh}%
\author[10]{Parsa Abdi}%
\author[11]{Natalia Santiago}%
\author[12]{Ravina Verma}%
\affil[1]{Khyber Teaching Hospital MTI KTH}%
\affil[2]{KMU Institute of Medical Sciences Kohat}%
\affil[3]{Universitas Indonesia}%
\affil[4]{Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences}%
\affil[5]{Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research}%
\affil[6]{DHQ and Teaching Hospital KDA Kohat}%
\affil[7]{Cebu Doctors' University College of Medicine}%
\affil[8]{Rush University Rush Medical College}%
\affil[9]{Ponce Health Sciences University}%
\affil[10]{Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Medicine}%
\affil[11]{Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara - Facultad de Medicina}%
\affil[12]{St George's University}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Background: Here we conducted this study to find the changes in the
hematological parameters of healthy individuals that can predict their
immune status, also this study aims to find out whether herd immunity
against COVID-19 is developing or not in the Pakistani population.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 210 healthy individuals
was conducted. All individuals were divided into three groups i.e IgG
positive, IgG negative, and IgG and IgM both positive based on ELISA
results. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 25 for windows. Results:
A statistically significant effect was found among the three groups in
terms of mean hemoglobin level, mean hematocrit, mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration, mean red blood cells count, RDW-CV, mean
lymphocyte, mean neutrophil, mean eosinophils, and mean basophil. The
study also showed that 52.8\% (n=74) had neither taken vaccination nor
had any history of previous covid infection but still their antibodies
were positive. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant
difference among hematological parameters between immune and nonimmune
groups and can predict the covid immune status also the study predicted
that herd immunity against COVID-19 is developing in Pakistan.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`covid hematological parameter_Rev1_PA.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/497258/articles/708132-hematological-parameters-to-predict-post-covid-19-immune-response-and-the-development-of-on-reaching-herd-immunity-a-cross-sectional-study}

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