First detection of foot-and-mouth disease O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 virus
lineage, Indonesia, 2022
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting
cloven-hoofed animals which has been well documented as one of the major
animal diseases that causing serious economic loss of livestock sectors.
The disease is endemic in many countries, particularly in Asia and
Africa. Indonesia has declared disease-free country since 1986 and the
World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH/OIE) has recognised Indonesia
as FMD-free country without vaccination in 1990. However, FMD virus was
detected from a number of disease outbreaks in cattle and goat in
Indonesia in May 2022. This study report for the first time the
detection and identification of serotype O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage in
Indonesia. Although the Indonesian serotype O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 viruses
appeared belonging to the Ind-2001e sublineage, they formed a unique
cluster with 95.3% average nucleotide sequence similarity to Ind-2001e
viruses from other Asia countries. The source of virus incursion into
Indonesia is still unresolved; however, illegal trade of live animals
from endemic areas in Southeast Asia is the suspected route which should
be further investigated.