The increase of bronchiolitis severity in the 2022-2023 season in an
Italian tertiary children’s hospital: an isolated phenomenon or a
warning sign?
Abstract
Abstract: Aim: Recent literature has shown
epidemiological changes in bronchiolitis with an increased incidence in
the post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period but reports regarding disease
severity are conflicting. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, disease
severity, and microbiology of bronchiolitis during the 2022-2023 cold
season compared to the previous five years. Methods: This
single-center retrospective observational study at IRCCS Gaslini, Italy,
included all children aged 0-2 years hospitalized for bronchiolitis from
September 1st, 2017, to August 31, 2023. Findings from the 2022-2023
season were compared to the previous five years. Results: We
observed a statistically significant increase in the 2022-2023 season in
the absolute number of bronchiolitis admissions. Children who required
mechanical ventilation dramatically increased from a total of 7 patients
in the previous five seasons to 17 in the 2022-2023 season alone (
p=0.001). All other severity parameters significantly
increased: the need for respiratory support ( p=0.002)
, the median length of stay (5 vs. 4, p=0.001), and
the median duration of respiratory support (4 vs. 3, p=0.016).
Conclusions: We report a substantial increase in the severity
of bronchiolitis in the season 2022-2023 with a remarkable number of
previously healthy infants requiring mechanical ventilation. Our data
represents a call in our setting for urgent measures to plan
prophylactic and therapeutic strategies and prepare healthcare systems.
Further studies are needed to confirm whether our findings are an
isolated phenomenon or part of a true global trend. Health systems need
to be prepared and protective preventive measures should be implemented
for all newborns.