Echocardiography
Offspring echocardiography following ACS exposure was assessed in eight studies. Five of these studies assessed only the presence or absence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - three found no difference in offspring exposed to ACS compared to controls 3530 31, and two found that the incidence of PDA was reduced in infants who had been exposed to ACS at specific time points or in subgroup analyses 3637. The remaining three studies assessed cardiac structure and function using a wide range of echocardiographic parameters. Two of these studies found no difference between offspring exposed to ACS and controls 18 24. One showed transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in neonates exposed to multiple ACS doses when comparing echocardiographic parameters to population norms 38.