Main results
Twenty-six studies including 1921 patients were included, of which most were cohort studies of mixed quality. The type of ACS exposure, gestational age at exposure, dose and number of administrations varied widely. Offspring cardiovascular outcomes were assessed from one day to 36 years postnatally. The most commonly assessed parameter was arterial blood pressure (18 studies), followed by echocardiography (8 studies), heart rate (5 studies), electrocardiogram (ECG, 3 studies) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 1 study). There were no clinically significant effects of ACS exposure on offspring blood pressure. However, there were insufficient studies assessing cardiac structure and function using echocardiography or cardiac MRI to be able to determine an effect.