Abstract
Global studies of organismal distribution and climatic vulnerability
rely on the mostly untested assumption that heat tolerance restricts the
maximum temperatures estimated at the warm edges of their geographic
distribution (Tmax). Herein we test this assumption across the animal
kingdom and examine whether the strength of restrictions depends on how
challenging heat becomes for their tolerance. Thermal limits restrict
species’ warm distributional edges across the animal kingdom, being
restrictions less consistent for reptiles and describing a striking
non-linear relationship for marine fish that contrast with terrestrial
groups. Besides, heat tolerance restricts the geographic warm edges more
strongly for species exposed to more defying temperatures at ranges’
warm edges.