Table 2: Association of maternal depression and adverse respiratory outcomes in children, n=605
Outcome measures
Maternal depression measures RR (95% CI) Maternal depression measures RR (95% CI) Maternal depression measures RR (95% CI)
Prenatal depression Postpartum depression Recurrent depression
Ever wheeze at 48M
1.00 (0.95, 1.06) 1.24 (0.92, 1.67) 1.48* (1.07, 2.03)
Current wheeze at 48M
1.02 (0.93 1.13) 1.88 (1.21, 2.92) 2.39 (1.52, 3.78)
Asthma at 48M
1.09 (0.80, 1.48) 2.79* (1.13, 6.87) 3.14* (1.26, 7.84)
Ever wheeze at 72M
1.04 (0.95, 1.14) 1.54* (1.02, 2.32) 1.76* (1.12, 2.77)
Current wheeze at 72M
0.99 (0.87, 1.13) 1.19 (0.55, 2.59) 1.48 (0.63, 3.48)
Asthma at 72M
1.73 (0.81, 3.69) 1.86 (0.79, 4.36) 2.25 (0.91, 5.59)
Any ever wheeze
1.02 (0.97, 1.08) 1.27 (0.97, 1.66) 1.53 (1.15, 2.03)
Any current wheeze
1.02 (0.93, 1.12) 1.59* (1.03, 2.46) 2.08 (1.32, 3.28)
Ever asthma
1.12 (0.87, 1.45) 2.15* (1.06, 4.39) 2.46* (1.16, 5.21)
Models adjusted for child’s sex, mother’s age and educational level at enrollment, average PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy, and average PM2.5 at 1st year postpartum. *p < 0.05 p < 0.01 p < 0.001 Models adjusted for child’s sex, mother’s age and educational level at enrollment, average PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy, and average PM2.5 at 1st year postpartum. *p < 0.05 p < 0.01 p < 0.001 Models adjusted for child’s sex, mother’s age and educational level at enrollment, average PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy, and average PM2.5 at 1st year postpartum. *p < 0.05 p < 0.01 p < 0.001 Models adjusted for child’s sex, mother’s age and educational level at enrollment, average PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy, and average PM2.5 at 1st year postpartum. *p < 0.05 p < 0.01 p < 0.001