Characteristics
|
Total Sample
|
Male Children 304 (50%)
|
Female Children 301 (50%) |
Maternal age at enrollment (years), median (IQR)
|
27.00 (23.00, 31.00) | 27.00 (24.00, 31.00) | 27.00 (23.00, 31.00) |
Maternal breastfeeding, n (%) | Maternal breastfeeding, n (%) | Maternal breastfeeding, n (%) | Maternal breastfeeding, n (%) |
Never/ no attempt to breastfed |
33 (6%)
|
8 (4%)
|
14 (7%)
|
Attempted to exclusively breastfed |
542 (94%)
|
209 (96%)
|
200 (93%)
|
Maternal education at enrollment, n (%) | Maternal education at enrollment, n (%) | Maternal education at enrollment, n (%) | Maternal education at enrollment, n (%) |
< High school |
242 (40%)
|
130 (43%)
|
112 (37%)
|
High school |
221 (37%)
|
103 (34%)
|
118 (39%)
|
> High school |
142 (23%)
|
71 (23%)
|
71 (24%)
|
Maternal ever asthma at enrollment, n (%) | Maternal ever asthma at enrollment, n (%) | Maternal ever asthma at enrollment, n (%) | Maternal ever asthma at enrollment, n (%) |
Ever had asthma, yes |
8 (4%)
|
7 (7%)
|
1 (1%)
|
Socioeconomic status, n (%) | Socioeconomic status, n (%) | Socioeconomic status, n (%) | Socioeconomic status, n (%) |
Lower |
314 (52%)
|
156 (51%)
|
158 (52%)
|
Medium |
230 (38%)
|
117 (38%)
|
113 (38%)
|
Higher |
61 (10%)
|
31 (10%)
|
30 (10%)
|
Average PM2.5 during pregnancy, median (IQR)
|
22.78 (20.58, 24.19) | 22.76 (20.65, 24.36) | 22.78 (20.38, 24.12) |
Average PM2.5 during the first year of life, median
(IQR)
|
22.73 (20.54, 23.88) | 22.73 (20.65, 23.95) | 22.76 (20.36, 23.83) |
Maternal Depression, n (%) | Maternal Depression, n (%) | Maternal Depression, n (%) | Maternal Depression, n (%) |
Prenatal depression, yes |
104 (17%)
|
57 (19%)
|
47 (16%)
|
Postpartum depression, yes |
145 (25%)
|
76 (26%)
|
69 (24%)
|
Recurrent depression, yes |
92 (16%)
|
49 (17%)
|
43 (15%)
|
Respiratory Outcomes (48M), n (%) | Respiratory Outcomes (48M), n (%) | Respiratory Outcomes (48M), n (%) | Respiratory Outcomes (48M), n (%) |
Ever wheeze, yes |
150 (25%)
|
86 (28%)
|
64 (21%)
|
Current wheeze, yes |
72 (12%)
|
44 (14%)
|
28 (9%)
|
Asthma, yes |
20 (3%)
|
11 (4%)
|
9 (3%)
|
Respiratory Outcomes (72M), n (%) | Respiratory Outcomes (72M), n (%) | Respiratory Outcomes (72M), n (%) | Respiratory Outcomes (72M), n (%) |
Ever wheeze, yes |
85 (15%)
|
47 (16%)
|
38 (13%)
|
Current wheeze, yes |
31 (5%)
|
20 (7%)
|
11 (4%)
|
Asthma, yes |
23 (4%)
|
17 (6%)
|
6 (2%)
|
Any ever wheeze | 176 (29%) | 96 (32%) | 80 (27%) |
Any current wheeze | 79 (14%) | 47 (16%) | 32 (11%) |
Any ever asthma | 30 (5%) | 19 (6%) | 11 (4%) |