Figure 2. The impact of ethanol infusion into the vein of
Marshall (Et-VOM)
(A) A fluoroscopic image in the right anterior oblique (RAO)
35° view after Et-VOM. A circular
catheter was positioned in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The vein of
Marshall was occluded with an over-the-wire balloon catheter (arrow).
Local tissue staining was observed around the vein of Marshall
(arrowheads). (B) Bipolar voltage map in the left lateral view before
Et-VOM. (C) Bipolar voltage map after Et-VOM. An extensive scar appeared
on the left atrial ridge and lateral mitral isthmus. Note that the
impact of Et-VOM extended to the basal left atrial appendage (LAA). CS,
coronary sinus. Other abbreviations are as in Fig. 1.