Surgical Coronary revascularization in patients with COVID-19;
complications and outcomes
Abstract
Introduction: Coronary artery disease is high-risk comorbidity
of COVID-19 infection. Non-elective coronary artery revascularization in
COVID-19 patients carries substantial risk. Therefore, it is essential
to understand the risk factors and outcomes fully. This study aims to
evaluate the prognosis of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery
in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: This
retrospective cohort study assesses 171 patients who underwent urgent
and emergent CABG in Tehran Heart Center from March 2020 to September
2021. The patients were allocated to cases and controls based on
COVID-19 infection status. Demographic and clinical features, alongside
the complications and outcomes, were compared between the two groups.
Results: According to diagnostic criteria, 62 patients were
diagnosed with COVID 19 (Case), and 109 patients had no COVID diagnosis
(Control). Regarding the demographics and risk factors, hypertension was
more prevalent among patients with COVID 19 (64.5% compared to 43.1%
p-value= 0.007). Length of hospital stay, ventilation time, and ICU stay
time were significantly higher in patients infected with COVID 19. Post
Operative complications, including stroke, atrial fibrillation, pleural
effusion, blood transfusion, and Inotrope use, were significantly higher
in the case group. Mortality rates were also higher in COVID-19 patients
with an Odds ratio of 1.53; however, this difference is not
statistically significant (p-value 0.44, 95%CI= 0.50-4.01).
Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with a significantly higher
hospital stay, ventilation time, and ICU stay. Mortality rates are also
higher, albeit insignificantly. Various postoperative complications are
also higher with COVID-19.