FIGURE LEGENDS
Figure 1. Worldwide map showing in colours the sampling
locations for the specimens used in RADseq analyses. Dates in
parenthesis represent the earliest record based on literature and the
Natural History Museum of London collection (e.g. St Helena Island).
Dark grey countries: Colombia (CO), Israel (IS) and the asterisk (*)
indicated medflies collected for microbiome analyses; the numbers
indicate the host plant (note that some flies from the same sampling
site were collected in different host plants).
Figure 2. Individual genotype assignment for the six
populations of medfly distributed worldwide. A) DAPC plot for the
clustering obtained in AIC analysis (K = 3). B) Individual
genotype assignment inferred by STRUCTURE with K =2 and K=3 top
and bottom, respectively.
Figure 3. Individual genotype assignment for the locations in
the introduced range of medfly. A) DAPC analysis for the clustering
obtained in AIC analysis (K = 3) of 82 individuals. B) STRUCTURE
results based on K =2 and K =3 top and bottom, respectively.
Figure 4. Simple co-ancestry heatmap for medfly populations.
Top: the raw data matrix tree (simple hierarchical “tree-like” with
posterior population assignment probabilities), each tip corresponds to
a sampling site. Left: the location abbreviations. Bottom: the clusters
identified in the co-ancestry matrix.
Figure 5. Best fit hypothetical evolutionary scenarios of the
invasion routes of C. capitata. Left: topology of the best fit
scenario selected from six different invasion routes (Scenario 1); South
Africa was predicted as the ancestral population followed by
colonisation of Brazil, and from there was predicted a divergence to the
cluster Spain-Guatemala and Greece-Australia. Right: topology of the
best-predicted scenario from three different invasion routes tested
(Scenario 4). South Africa was the predicted ancestral population for
medfly followed by divergence to Brazil. The clusters Spain-Guatemala
and Greece-Australia appeared to be the result of admixture between
South Africa and Brazil populations (see Methods and Supplementary
Fig.S1 for details). Colours correspond to sampling sites codes in fig
2A (except sampling sites grouped).
Figure 6. Species tree of 30 individuals collected across six
medfly sampling sites (SA: South Africa, BR: Brazil, SP: Spain, GU:
Guatemala, AU: Australia). A total of 15 consensus tress topologies were
obtained, here is represented the consensus tree 1 which covers 37.18%
of the total cumulative trees. Branch width is proportional to theta
represented in black.
Figure 7. Relative abundance of the different microorganisms by
phyla detected across six sampling localities of medfly. Phyla with
abundance lower than 1﹪are grouped into “Other”. On top Barr plots
are the abbreviations to each population studied, each bar represented
one specimen per sampling site, for more information refer to Table 1
and Supplementary Table 1.
Figure 8. Differential abundance of medfly microbiome at genus
taxonomic level in Brazil (BR) and South Africa (SA). On the left,
levels represent 48 ASVs with relative abundance above 0.01% and FDR
under 0.01. Circles are colour coded according to bacterial phylum and
RA stands for relative abundance. The ASV taxonomically assigned to
Burkholderiaceae_unclassified is highlighted in blue to indicate its
unique presence in all samples from Brazil.