3.1 Genetic diversity indices
Overall, genetic diversity as estimated based on the number of private alleles, nucleotide diversity (π ), and expected heterozygosity (He ) was higher for South Africa (native range) than for the other five populations from the introduced range (i.e., SP, GR, GU, BR, AU) (Table 1). The smallest number of private alleles and lowest genetic diversity were identified in Guatemala and Australia. Inbreeding coefficients (Fis ) were very similar and around zero across all sampling sites indicating random mating for the different sites (Table 1). Regarding Tajima’s D ,  the South African population had a negative value, showing a possible selective sweep or recent population expansion. The remaining populations presented positive Tajima’s D  values, indicating balancing selection or sudden population contractions (Table 1).