1 Introduction
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important treatment approach that has been used to cure a wide range of malignant and non-malignant diseases; however, various early and late complications can occur following HSCT1,2. A proportion of patients experience primary or secondary graft failure after receiving HSCT3; however, reports of autologous hematopoietic recovery after graft failure following application of a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen are rare. Some case reports of adult patients experiencing autologous recovery have been published4,5,6,7. In pediatric populations, such autologous recovery was retrospectively reported through a questionnaire survey based on the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (JSHCT) registry data8; however, there have been no detailed case reports.
Herein, we report a case of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who experienced autologous hematopoietic recovery after cord blood transplantation (CBT) with total body irradiation (TBI)-based MAC, despite once achieving a neutrophil engraftment, who also showed different complex chromosomal abnormalities, without any disease relapse, on repeatedly conducted bone marrow (BM) examination.