Trees form the bases of terrestrial ecosystems; however, the origin of the diversity of trees within these systems is a major question in evolutionary biology and ecology. Mycorrhizal type, pollination, and seed dispersal mode are key drivers of tree diversity. However, because they are usually studied in isolation, their evolutionary relationships are poorly understood. Here, we show the evolutionary relationships among mycorrhizal type, seed dispersal mode, and pollination mode in 821 tree species. We found evidence of the joint evolution of all three features. Most arbuscular mycorrhizal-associated trees had endozoochorous seed dispersal and biotic pollination, whereas most ectomycorrhizal-associated trees had anemochorous seed dispersal and wind pollination. Overall, mycorrhizal type, seed dispersal mode, and pollination mode were linked, emphasising the importance of the joint study of these traits to understand tree diversity. Plants have lived closely with AM fungi for over 400 million years, and later evolved mutualistic interactions that promote plant diversification. This raises a novel question over how mycorrhizal symbiosis drives the evolution of seed and pollination mutualism, and how it contributes to plant diversification. Here, we provide a comprehensive reliable scaffold for understanding not only tree evolution but also the evolution and mechanisms of forest ecosystems.