Abstract
Senescence, an age-related decline in survival and/or reproductive
performance, occurs in species across the tree of life. Molecular
mechanisms underlying this within-individual phenomenon are still
largely unknown, but DNA methylation changes with age are among the
candidates. Using a longitudinal approach, we investigated age-specific
changes in autosomal methylation of common terns, relatively long-lived
migratory seabirds known to show senescence. We collected blood at 1-,
3- and/or 4-year intervals, extracted DNA from the erythrocytes and
estimated autosomal DNA methylation by mapping Reduced Representative
Bisulfite Sequencing reads to a new reference genome. We found autosomal
methylation levels to decrease with age within females, but not males,
and no evidence for selective (dis)appearance of birds of either sex in
relation to their methylation level. Moreover, although we found
positions in the genome to consistently differ in their methylation
levels, individuals did not show such strong consistent differences.
These results pave the way for studies at the level of genome features
or specific positions, which should elucidate the functional
consequences of the patterns we observe, and how they translate to the
ageing phenotype.