Abbreviations Terms
AGEs Advanced glycation end products
Akt Protein kinase B
AMPK Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
Ang II Angiotensin II
Ca2+ Calcium
CANA Canagliflozin
CM Cardiomyocyte
CMEC Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell
DAPA Dapagliflozin
DM Diabetes mellitus
EC Endothelial cell
EMPA Empagliflozin
eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ERK Extracellular signal regulated kinase
GADPH Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GCX Glycocalyx
HAEC Human aortic endothelial cell
HCAEC Human coronary artery endothelial cell
HF Heart failure
HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HIF-1α Hypoxia-induced factor-1α
HKII Hexokinase II
HUVEC Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
ICAM-1 Intracellular adhesion molecule 1
IL Interleukin
JNK c-Jun N terminal kinase
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
mtROS Mitochondrial reactive oxidative species
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NHE Sodium-hydrogen exchanger
NLRP3 NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3
NO Nitric oxide
NOX Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
PI3k Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
PKC Protein kinase C
PON Ponatinib
RAGE Receptor for advanced glycation end products
ROS Reactive oxidative species
SFK Src Family kinase
SGLT-1/2 Sodium glucose co-transporter 1/2
SGLT-2i’s Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
SMC Smooth muscle cell
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α
VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
VE-cadherin Vascular endothelial cadherin
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor