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Evaluation of the economic impact of classical and African swine fever epidemics using OutCosT, a new spreadsheet-based tool
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  • Jordi Casal,
  • Damian TagoPacheco,
  • Pilar Pineda,
  • Blagojco Tabakovsky,
  • Imelda Santos,
  • Carolyn Benigno,
  • Tran Huynh,
  • Giovanna Ciaravino,
  • Daniel Beltrán-Alcrudo
Jordi Casal
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona

Corresponding Author:jordi.casal@uab.cat

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Damian TagoPacheco
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
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Pilar Pineda
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
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Blagojco Tabakovsky
Republic of Macedonia Ministry of Health
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Imelda Santos
Republic of the Philippines Department of Agriculture
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Carolyn Benigno
Republic of the Philippines Department of Agriculture
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Tran Huynh
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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Giovanna Ciaravino
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
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Daniel Beltrán-Alcrudo
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia
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Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) and classical swine fever (CSF) are two major transboundary animal diseases of swine with important socioeconomic consequences at farm, subnational and national level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct cost of outbreaks and their control at country/regional level in four countries: namely CSF in Colombia in 2015-2016, the retrospective cost of ASF in the Philippines in 2019 and in a province of Vietnam in 2020, and a hypothetical ASF scenario in one region in North Macedonia, using the newly developed Outbreak Costing Tool (OutCosT). The tool calculates the costs of 106 different items, broken down by up to four types of farms, and by who assumes the cost (whether veterinary services, farmers or other stakeholders). The total cost of CSF in Colombia was US$ 3.8 million of which 88% represented the cost of the vaccination campaign. For ASF, there were wide differences between countries: US$ 826,911 in Lao Cai (Vietnam), US$ 3,319,666 in North Macedonia and over US$ 58 million in the Philippines. While in the Philippines and Vietnam, 96-98% of the cost occurred in the affected farms, the highest expenditure in North Macedonia scenario was the movement control of the neighbouring and at-risk farms (77%). These important differences between countries depend on the spread of the disease, but also on the production systems affected and the measures applied. Apart from the financial cost, these diseases have other negative impacts, especially in the livelihoods of smallholder farms. The OutCosT tool also allows users to evaluate qualitatively other important aspects related to the epidemics, such as the impact on human health, the environment, animal welfare, socio-economic vulnerability, trading and political response. The main purpose of the OutCosT, which will become a FAO corporate tool, is to support country authorities to rapidly respond to ASF outbreaks by estimating the associated costs, and for advocacy purposes to mobilize resources at national or international levels.
21 Dec 2021Submitted to Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
23 Dec 2021Submission Checks Completed
23 Dec 2021Assigned to Editor
31 Dec 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
05 Feb 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
07 Feb 2022Editorial Decision: Revise Major
23 Mar 20221st Revision Received
24 Mar 2022Submission Checks Completed
24 Mar 2022Assigned to Editor
28 Mar 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
14 Apr 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
14 Apr 2022Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
22 Apr 20222nd Revision Received
24 Apr 2022Submission Checks Completed
24 Apr 2022Assigned to Editor
05 May 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
05 May 2022Editorial Decision: Accept
Sep 2022Published in Transboundary and Emerging Diseases volume 69 issue 5. 10.1111/tbed.14590