3.1 Pollinator and plant communities
The field survey yielded 333 pollinator insects belonging to 25 morpho-species. Specifically, 72.4% of the individuals were Anthophila bees, 12.% wasps, 10.2% Syrphidae, and 5.4% were Bombyliidae flies. These were identified with DNA barcoding, in Supporting information, Table S2 - List of collected pollinator species and DNA barcode sequence. The most represented and widely distributed taxa wereLasioglossum albescens with 79 individuals, followed byBraunsapis picitarsis with 53 individuals and Xylocopa fenestrata with 42 individuals. Considering plants, 48 flowering species were observed in the sampling sites during the survey of flower species richness, with a minimum of 3 and maximum of 14 flowering species present in each site. The most widespread species among sampling sites were Tridax procumbens , Cyanthillium sp ,Scaevola taccada , and Wollastonia biflora. Details on the flowering plants observed in sampling sites are reported in Supporting information, Table S3. Concerning the effects of habitat fragmentation on pollinator communities (Table 1), the edge density had a significant, positive effect in increasing pollinator species richness (Fig 2 a), while no significant effects were found in response to flower species richness.