IntroductionHydroxyurea (HU) is a potent myelosuppression drug reducing deoxyribonucleotide production (1) and treats chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocytosis (ET) (2). HU has some side effects, including dermatologic side effects, especially during long-term treatment, the most common of which are nail changes, hyperpigmentation, atrophy of the skin, partial alopecia, subcutaneous tissue changes, scaling, hands and face erythema, and less common lower extremity ulceration (3-5).In the literature, some cases of HU-related cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are reported (6-8). Accordingly, we reviewed and summarized the literature on the relationship between HU and skin cancer.