Figure Legends
Fig. 1. (a) Cardiopulmonary bypass is established by arterial cannulation via the apex and left femoral artery with venous drainage via the left femoral vein. (b) An apical cannula is used as a vent to ensure a bloodless operative field during proximal anastomosis. (c) The apical cannula is pulled back to the left ventricle and used as a ventricular vent during rewarming.