2.6 Electrophysiological Procedure
Pulmonary vein isolation was performed under anesthesia and noninvasive mild sedation. Vascular access was obtained using the bilateral femoral veins and left femoral artery. Intracardiac and superficial electrocardiograms were recorded at a rate of 100 mm/seconds (Prucka, GE Medical Systems). Transseptal punctures were made with the Brockenbrough needle transseptal needle (St. Jude Medical, Minnetonka, MN, USA) under fluoroscopy. First, pulmonary vein electrical mapping was performed with a circular mapping catheter (Lasso, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) via the single transseptal sheath and pulmonary vein potentials (it was paced from the coronary sinus to separate from atrial potential [AP]) were determined. The ablation catheter (SF-Contact force, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) was inserted through the other transseptal sheath, right and left pulmonary vein isolation was performed, respectively. (Fig 2)