Study Year Study population (n) Mean age (years) Gender (Male: Female) Comorbidities/Associated Disease Comorbidities/Associated Disease Comorbidities/Associated Disease Comorbidities/Associated Disease Comorbidities/Associated Disease Mode of diagnosis (for coronary involvement) Coronary arteries involved (Right, Left or Both) Cause of coronary artery malperfusion (if indicated)
Hypertension Diabetes Smoking Previous CAD Other
Kawahito et al.
2003
12
60.8 ± 8.3
4:8
66.67% (8/12)
0%
Marfan’s (8.33%, 1/12)
9 patients developed MI prior to surgery (ST elevation on ECG, abnormal LV wall motion on ECHO and high CK levels. 3 patients developed dissection after aortic declamping (seen in intraoperative TEE, postoperative coronary angiogram, or at autopsy. Right- 8 Left- 2 Both- 2 Compression- 2, Coronary dissection- 7 Coronary disruption- 3 Malperfusion classification: Type A- 2 Type B- 7 Type C- 3
Eren et al.
2007
14
56.7 ± 8.4 years
11:3
100% (14/14)
21.43% (3/14)
Renal insufficiency (14.29%, 2/14) COPD (35.71%, 5/14) Marfan’s (14.29%, 2/14). 11 patients had ST elevation on ECG, abnormal LV wall motion on ECHO and very CK levels. 3 patients were found to have dissection intraoperatively using TEE Right- 8 Left- 2 Both- 4 Dissection – 14 Type A- 3 Type B- 7 Type C- 4
Chen et al.
2013
20
51.8 ± 11.8
14:6
60% (12/20)
15% (3/20)
25% (5/20)
5% (1/20)
COPD (5%, 1/20) Marfan’s (10%, 2/20) 14 patients had myocardial ischaemia preoperatively. 6 patients were diagnosed during surgery. Right- 15 Left- 5 Coronary involvement: Type A- 6 Type B- 5 Type C- 2 Type D- 7 (Classified by the modified Neri classification described in the paper)
Neri et al.
2001
24
65.5 years (41-78 years)
14:10
100% (24/24)
0%
COPD (12%, 3/24) Renal insufficiency (4%, 1/24)
ECG, echocardiogram, serum CK levels +/- coronary angiography.
Right- 11 Left- 4 Both- 9
Coronary dissection
Imoto et al.
2013
75
60.8 ± 12.2 years
35:40
67% (50/75)
0%
Renal Failure (3%, 2/75) Marfans (3%, 2/75) Cerebrovascular disease (5%, 4/75) Valvular heart disease (4%, 3/75) History of type B aortic dissection (5%, 4/75) Intraoperative examination, coronary angiography or TEE. ECG/Echo also used to diagnose myocardial ischaemia/infarction Right- 26 Left- 19 Both- 3
Coronary Dissection
Pego-Fernandes et al.
1999
11
48 years (37-62 years)
6:5
81.8% (9/11)
Marfan’s (18.2%, 2/11)
ECG, Cineangiograms, Intraoperative examination
Right- 9 Both- 2
Dissection and compression
Lajevardi et al.
2012
1
73
Female
100% (1/1)
Alzheimer’s
ECG, Coronary angiography, Intraoperative TEE
Left
Compression (Intimo-intimal intussusception of a circumferential intimal tear of ascending aorta).