Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized with autoantibodies production with on and off clinical course. It can affect any age or gender, but it has a particular tendency to affect young females, with a female-to-male ratio of about 9:1 (1).
SLE can affect almost every organ system with a diverse scale of manifestations. The disease severity can vary from a very mild illness to a systemic life-threatening illness (2-4). Although manifestations can affect almost every system in the body, cardiac and lung manifestations have a significant impact on patients’ everyday life and outcome. Respiratory affection can affect the lung, pleura or lung vasculature with various degrees of affection from an asymptomatic illness to severe respiratory compromise.