Table 1. Sampled populations, number of genotyped individuals and population genetic diversity indices per locality. Indices include observed (HO), expected (HE) heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity (π) based solely on SNP markers. N column denotes the number of analyzed samples after filtering for missing data.
Population Region N HO HE π
Duba Red Sea 8 0.178 0.145 0.155
Al Wajh 1 9 0.171 0.147 0.155
Al Wajh 2 10 0.188 0.156 0.164
Al Kharrar 10 0.199 0.169 0.179
King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC) 9 0.227 0.177 0.188
Al Lith 8 0.195 0.159 0.170
Farasan Banks 1 (FB1) 10 0.171 0.152 0.160
Farasan Banks 2 (FB2) 9 0.193 0.164 0.174
Salalah Arabian Sea & Sea of Oman 10 0.181 0.154 0.162
Taqah 10 0.172 0.145 0.153
Filim 10 0.197 0.174 0.183
Qurm 9 0.196 0.171 0.181
Shinas 10 0.212 0.187 0.197
Ras Al Khaimahh (RAK) Persian/Arabian Gulf 7 0.181 0.157 0.169
Umm Al Quawain (UAQ) 5 0.169 0.146 0.163
Ras Ghurab 9 0.181 0.160 0.169
Suweihat 7 0.184 0.151 0.163
Bahrain 10 0.173 0.153 0.161
Dammam 10 0.198 0.157 0.166
Brisbane Australia 8 0.083 0.069 0.074
 Table 2. Two-level analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showing differences between phylogenetic clades and between sampled populations
Variance components sigma % Total p-value Φ-Statistics
Between clades 1122.80 9.45 < 0.001 ΦCT 0.095
Between populations 1867.10 15.72 < 0.001 ΦSC 0.174
Within populations 8890.60 74.83   ΦST 0.252