The role of phylogeny, ecological opportunity, and adaptive radiation in
host-parasite interactions: network metrics, host repertoire, and
network link prediction
Abstract
Many species-rich ecological communities result from adaptive radiation
events. The effects of these explosive speciation events on community
assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the well-documented
radiations of African cichlid fishes and interactions with their
flatworm gill parasites (Cichlidogyrus spp.) including 10529 reported
infections and 477 different host-parasite combinations collected
through a survey of peer-reviewed literature. We assess the
evolutionary, ecological, and morphological parameters on
meta-communities partially affected by adaptive radiation evens using
network metrics, host repertoire measures, and network link prediction
(NLP). The hosts’ evolutionary history mostly determined host
repertoires. Ecological and evolutionary parameters predicted
host-parasite associations, but many interactions remain undetected
according to NLP. Parasite meta-communities under host adaptive
radiation are more specialised and stable while ecological opportunity
and ecological fitting have shaped interactions elsewhere. The
cichlid-Cichlidogyrus network is a suitable eco-evolutionary study
system but future studies should validate our findings in other
radiating host-parasite systems.