Abstract Objective: To explore the role of acquired CFTR dysfunction and inflammatory chemokines in the development of rhinosinusitis in children. Design and setting Twenty-five children who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were included. Whole blood, mucosa and polyp tissues of all children were collected for study. Main outcome measures： The CFTR gene was detected by using Full-length second-generation sequencing. The expression of CFTR mRNA was measured by qRT-PCR, and the expression of inflammatory chemokines was measured by CBA. Results： There were 17 cases in the CRS group and 8 cases in the ABRS group. The expression of CFTR mRNA in the mucosa of the ABRS group was lower than that of the CRS group, and the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in the mucosa of the ABRS group was significantly higher than that of the CRS group. IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 were upregulated in polyps. Conclusion: The dysfunction of acquired CFTR and the role of neutrophil chemotactic factor are more obvious in ABRS, and may play a role in the occurrence and development of CRS polyps.

Background: Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease in children. In recent years, a new airway epithelial ionocyte has been discovered and is closely related to the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which provides new ideas for the study of the mechanism of CRS. However, the carrying status of the CFTR mutant gene in the Chinese population is not clear. Objective: To study the frequency and mutations of CFTR and FOXI1 (ForkheadBoxI1) in Chinese children with CRS, and to analyze whether they are predisposed to CRS. Methods: A controlled case study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. The CFTR and FOXI1 genomes of 46 children with CRS and 23 children with no history of CRS from the Chinese mainland area were sequenced, and the relationship between mutation rate and the disease were analyzed. Results: 13 CFTR gene mutation sites’ carrying rate in the CRS group was higher than the control group, and 2 of them was significantly higher than that in the East Asian population database. The children who had a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection carried CFTR gene mutations associated with the pathogenesis. There was no difference in the carrying of FOXI1 mutation between the two groups. Conclusion: The incidence of CF mutation is higher in Chinese children with CRS who have no history of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). c.650A> G (p.E217G) and c.1950C> A (P. F 650 L) and may play a role in the development of CRS conditions in children in China.