Conclusion
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that good diet quality in pregnancy is associated with lower odds of GDM, HDP, preterm birth, and SGA/LBW. These findings support the potential of interventions based on dietary guidelines in preconception and pregnancy to help decrease the adverse perinatal outcomes. Long term follow-up of these cohort studies will be critical to establish the correlation between maternal diet quality and childhood growth trajectories.
Identified knowledge gaps include studies in middle and low-income countries, the association of maternal diet quality in preconception with perinatal outcomes, and the association of maternal diet quality with delivery mode.