Conclusion
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that
good diet quality in pregnancy is associated with lower odds of GDM,
HDP, preterm birth, and SGA/LBW. These findings support the potential of
interventions based on dietary guidelines in preconception and pregnancy
to help decrease the adverse perinatal outcomes. Long term follow-up of
these cohort studies will be critical to establish the correlation
between maternal diet quality and childhood growth trajectories.
Identified knowledge gaps include studies in middle and low-income
countries, the association of maternal diet quality in preconception
with perinatal outcomes, and the association of maternal diet quality
with delivery mode.