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Prevalence, main serovars, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Non-typhoidal Salmonella in poultry samples from the Americas: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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  • Daniel Diaz,
  • Pavel Eduardo Hernandez-Carreño,
  • Diana Zuleika Velazquez,
  • Miguel Angel Chaidez-Ibarra,
  • Arnulfo Montero-Pardo,
  • Francisco Antonio Martinez-Villa,
  • Adrian Canizalez-Roman,
  • Vianney Francisco Ortiz-Navarrete,
  • Rene Rosiles,
  • Soila Maribel Gaxiola,
  • Francisco Jimenez-Trejo
Daniel Diaz
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

Corresponding Author:ddiaz@ciencias.unam.mx

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Pavel Eduardo Hernandez-Carreño
Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa - Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
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Diana Zuleika Velazquez
Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa - Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
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Miguel Angel Chaidez-Ibarra
Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa - Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
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Arnulfo Montero-Pardo
Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa - Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
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Francisco Antonio Martinez-Villa
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
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Adrian Canizalez-Roman
Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Medicina
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Vianney Francisco Ortiz-Navarrete
CINVESTAV Departamento de Fisiologia Biofisica y Neurociencias
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Rene Rosiles
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
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Soila Maribel Gaxiola
Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa - Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
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Francisco Jimenez-Trejo
Instituto Nacional de Pediatria
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Abstract

Poultry and poultry-derived products such as meat and eggs are among the main sources of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) transmission to the human. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and used random-effects meta-analyses to 1) estimate the prevalence of NTS in poultry samples from birds, products and subproducts, and environmental samples, 2) examine the diversity and frequency of their serovars, and 3) estimate the prevalence and profiles of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in NTS isolates reported in studies from the Americas. We included 157 studies from 15 countries comprising 261,408 poultry samples and estimated an overall pooled prevalence of 17.9% (95% CI: 10.8–26.3) in birds, 21.8% (17.7–26.1) in products and subproducts, and 29.5% (24.2–35.1) in environmental samples. At the national level, the prevalence of NTS was heterogenous across countries with the highest values in Mexico, the USA, and Canada. In total, 131 serovars were identified from 13,388 isolates, Heidelberg, Kentucky, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium were the most prevalent in the overall top 10 ranking (range 6.5–20.8%). At the national level, Enteritidis and Typhimurium were identified in most of the countries, though with national differences in their ranks. The prevalence of AMR increased from 24.1% for 1 antibiotic, to 36.2% for 2-3 antibiotics, and 49.6% for ≥ 4 antibiotics. Kentucky, Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis were the serovars with the highest prevalence of AMR and tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, ceftiofur, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the top five antibiotics to which NTS isolates were resistant. In conclusion, NTS was distributed through the avian production chain with high and heterogenous values of prevalence in poultry samples. Besides, there were distinctive patterns of serovars distribution across countries and an alarming prevalence of AMR among zoonotic serovars.
24 Aug 2021Submitted to Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
24 Aug 2021Submission Checks Completed
24 Aug 2021Assigned to Editor
24 Aug 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
21 Sep 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
21 Sep 2021Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
27 Sep 20211st Revision Received
27 Sep 2021Submission Checks Completed
27 Sep 2021Assigned to Editor
27 Sep 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
03 Oct 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
03 Oct 2021Editorial Decision: Accept